It could all be prevented.
A recent study reveals that nearly half of cancer deaths and 40% of cancer cases in the United States are attributable to lifestyle factors. The research, analyzing nationwide cancer data from 2019, identifies several key risk factors linked to cancer development and mortality.
Cigarette smoking stands out as the leading risk factor, contributing to 30% of cancer deaths and 20% of cancer cases. Despite declines in smoking rates over recent decades, it remains a significant driver of preventable cancers, particularly lung cancer.
Other lifestyle factors contributing to cancer risk include excess body weight, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, poor diet, and skipping cancer-preventing vaccinations. Excess body weight alone is associated with approximately 8% of preventable cancers, while alcohol consumption and sun exposure’s UV radiation each contribute about 5%.
The study underscores the potential impact of lifestyle interventions in reducing cancer incidence and mortality. Lead researcher Dr. Farhad Islami emphasizes the importance of comprehensive tobacco control policies to promote smoking cessation and increase lung cancer screening for early detection and effective treatment.
Furthermore, the study highlights that lifestyle choices can play a crucial role in preventing specific types of cancers. For instance, all cases of cervical cancer could be avoided through HPV vaccination, emphasizing the effectiveness of preventive vaccines against viruses linked to cancer, such as HPV and hepatitis B.
Dr. Ahmedin Jemal, a senior researcher involved in the study, emphasizes the role of vaccination in reducing chronic infections and thereby lowering the risk of associated cancers. The research estimates that a substantial majority of certain cancer types, such as melanoma, anal, lung, throat, and oral cancers, could be prevented by adopting healthier lifestyle choices and ensuring timely vaccinations.
Overall, the findings underscore the significant impact of lifestyle factors on cancer risk and advocate for public health strategies aimed at promoting healthier behaviors and expanding access to preventive measures like vaccination.
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