Global Diabetes Epidemic Affects Over 800 Million People
A new global study reveals that approximately 828 million adults worldwide had diabetes in 2022, a dramatic rise from 198 million in 1990. This increase represents a doubling of the global diabetes rate over the past three decades. The majority of cases are attributed to type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 95% of all diabetes diagnoses, and it is particularly surging in low- and middle-income countries. Despite this, only half of the people with diabetes in these nations receive treatment, meaning hundreds of millions are living with uncontrolled blood sugar, putting them at risk for serious health complications.
The rise in diabetes is most pronounced in poorer nations, where treatment access remains limited. For instance, in Pakistan, the diabetes rate among women has skyrocketed from 9% in 1990 to nearly 31% in 2022. Other regions, including Pacific islands, the Caribbean, and parts of the Middle East and North Africa, are also seeing alarmingly high rates, with over a quarter of the adult population affected. Meanwhile, wealthier countries like Japan, Canada, and several European nations have seen either a slight decline or stagnation in diabetes rates, but the United States still has one of the highest rates among developed nations, with significant numbers of both men and women affected.
The rise in type 2 diabetes is largely attributed to rising obesity rates and poor dietary habits. Researchers call for more ambitious public health policies, especially in lower-income regions, to address these issues. This includes measures to make healthy foods more affordable, reduce access to unhealthy options, and encourage physical activity through initiatives like subsidized healthy foods and free access to parks and fitness centers.
One of the most concerning aspects of this epidemic is the lack of treatment in many parts of the world. In some low-income countries, over 90% of people with diabetes do not receive necessary care, leading to an increased risk of complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and blindness. For example, in some sub-Saharan African nations, only 5-10% of adults with diabetes receive any treatment. In India and China, over 133 million and 73 million people, respectively, have untreated diabetes, with many unaware of their condition.
Experts emphasize that increasing diabetes detection is critical, as many individuals with untreated diabetes remain undiagnosed. This highlights the urgent need for global efforts to improve both the awareness and management of diabetes, particularly in regions where access to healthcare is limited.
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