There is a gut-brain connection.
A recent study suggests that the natural bacteria found in a person’s mouth and digestive system—the microbiome—could play a role in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Published in the journal Gut Microbes on June 9, the study found a connection between changes in these microbial communities and the worsening of cognitive symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s, including the shift from mild memory loss to advanced dementia.
Researchers observed that certain harmful bacteria, typically located in the mouth, may migrate to the gut in people with Parkinson’s. This movement appears to be linked with an increase in cognitive decline. Although it remains unclear whether the bacteria are a cause or a consequence of disease-related changes in the body, scientists believe these microbes might actively contribute to the progression of symptoms.
Parkinson’s disease is commonly associated with motor difficulties such as tremors and impaired balance. However, as the disease advances, cognitive problems like memory loss also tend to emerge. Scientists at King’s College London emphasized that the relationship between gut and brain health is becoming increasingly evident in neurodegenerative diseases. The study pointed to specific bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is already implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, as possible contributors to neurological damage through inflammation and immune system activation.
In the research, microbiome samples were collected from 114 individuals, including Parkinson’s patients at varying stages of cognitive decline. The analysis revealed that patients with dementia had significantly different gut bacterial profiles compared to those with milder symptoms. In particular, the presence of inflammatory toxins, possibly produced by oral bacteria that relocated to the gut, may damage intestinal tissue and affect brain health.
The findings highlight the potential for using these microbial toxins as early warning indicators of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s, and they may become future targets for treatment. The study also underlines the value of maintaining healthy habits—like good nutrition and regular oral care—to help manage Parkinson’s progression. As patients rely more on caregivers over time, researchers stress the importance of sustaining these routines to protect both gut and brain health. Further studies will explore how modifying the microbiome might help slow or prevent dementia in those living with Parkinson’s.
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