A hidden cancer threat has been found.
For those who regularly consume energy drinks, concerns have long existed around their sugar content, which may contribute to inflammation, digestive problems, and unintended weight gain. Now, emerging research suggests there may be an even more serious risk tied to a common ingredient: taurine. A recent study published in Nature highlights a potential link between taurine and the growth of certain blood cancers.
Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in animal-based foods such as meat, seafood, and dairy. The human body also produces taurine, which plays critical roles in supporting heart health, brain function, and immune regulation. It assists with nerve development, hydration balance, and digestion by contributing to bile salt production. According to registered dietitian Julia Zumpano, the form of taurine added to energy drinks like Red Bull and Celsius is synthetic but derived from natural sources and is generally regarded as safe.
The study raises concerns because taurine is also present in bone marrow—the origin site for various blood cancers. Researchers discovered that certain leukemia cells, which cannot manufacture taurine on their own, rely heavily on a specific transporter protein to extract taurine from their surroundings. This dependency appears to help fuel the growth of these cancer cells.
In experiments involving both mice and human cells, scientists observed that taurine uptake accelerated the development of three specific types of leukemia: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). As a result, the researchers suggest that excessive taurine intake could contribute to leukemia progression, and that blocking its uptake might slow the disease. The findings also urge caution when using taurine supplements during cancer treatment, particularly in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Interestingly, taurine has also been associated with potential health benefits. Prior research published in Science in 2023 showed that taurine levels decline significantly with age in mice, monkeys, and humans. Supplementation in older mice led to better muscle strength, improved immune response, and longer lifespans. Another study published in Cell noted taurine’s potential to boost immune defenses, especially in individuals with gastric cancers. Despite these promising signs, experts emphasize the need for more clinical research to clarify taurine’s full effects—both positive and negative—before making broad recommendations for human health.
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