Experts are scrambling for answers.
Measles outbreaks, both domestically and internationally, have ignited concerns among health professionals regarding this once-familiar childhood illness that is entirely preventable.
Regarded as one of the most contagious diseases globally, measles poses significant risks of severe complications. Health experts advocate vaccination as the most effective defense against this viral threat. Here’s a snapshot of the measles situation thus far this year:
How many measles cases have been reported in the U.S.?
As of April 5, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have recorded 113 measles cases, nearly doubling last year’s total. Seven outbreaks have been identified, with 73% of U.S. cases linked to these flare-ups. While the current count is lower than peak years such as 2014 and 2019, the surge in cases during the first quarter of 2024 signals a concerning trend.
Why is this concerning?
The 2019 measles outbreak marked the most significant resurgence in nearly thirty years, challenging the U.S.’s status as a measles-free nation. The recent surge in cases poses a renewed threat to achieving and maintaining measles elimination, as highlighted in a recent CDC report.
Where does measles originate?
Measles remains prevalent in various regions globally, with outbreaks often traced back to unvaccinated travelers. Recent importations primarily involved unvaccinated Americans contracting the virus in the Middle East and Africa and reintroducing it to the U.S.
Where have outbreaks occurred in the U.S. this year?
Confirmed measles cases have been reported in 17 states, including major cities like New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago. Notably, the Chicago outbreak has accounted for over half of this year’s cases, predominantly affecting residents of a migrant shelter.
How does measles spread?
Measles spreads rapidly through respiratory droplets from infected individuals, as well as contaminated surfaces. Its highly contagious nature means up to 9 out of 10 susceptible individuals may contract the virus upon exposure.
What are the risks associated with measles?
While measles was once considered a common childhood illness, it can lead to severe complications beyond a rash. Hospitalization rates were significant before the vaccine’s availability, with thousands experiencing brain inflammation annually, leading to hundreds of fatalities.
Is the measles vaccine safe and what are vaccination rates?
The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is both safe and effective, administered in two doses as part of routine childhood immunization. To achieve herd immunity and prevent outbreaks, a vaccination rate of 95% is necessary. However, vaccination rates have plateaued around 93%, with some areas experiencing even lower coverage due to increasing numbers of vaccine waivers.
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