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Culprit Behind Chronic Constipation

A recent review suggests that an overgrowth of methane-producing gut microorganisms may be a significant factor in severe constipation for many individuals. These microorganisms, known as archaea, can lead to a condition called intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO) when they proliferate excessively in the gut.

The review indicates that individuals with IMO are twice as likely to experience constipation compared to those with a healthy gut microbiome. Dr. Ali Rezaie, senior researcher and medical director of the Cedars-Sinai GI Motility Program, noted that the study found patients with IMO are particularly prone to severe constipation, as opposed to persistent diarrhea.

The human gut hosts a vast community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, which generally contribute to digestive health and immune function. However, an imbalance, where harmful microbes outnumber beneficial ones, can lead to health issues. For instance, C. difficile, a harmful bacterium, can cause severe diarrhea when it dominates the gut environment.

The research reviewed data from 19 studies involving nearly 1,300 people with IMO, comparing their symptoms with those of over 3,200 healthy individuals. It was found that about 47% of those with IMO experienced severe constipation, compared to 38% in the control group. Additionally, individuals with IMO were less likely to suffer from diarrhea, with 37% affected versus 52% in the control group.

IMO can be diagnosed using a breath test that detects elevated levels of methane produced by excess archaea in the gut. Dr. Rezaie explained that the methane produced by these microorganisms can be measured in the breath, providing a diagnostic tool for identifying IMO. Although laxatives can temporarily alleviate constipation, they do not address the underlying issue, which is related to the overgrowth of archaea.

To effectively treat IMO-induced constipation, a combination of antibiotics and dietary changes aimed at promoting healthy gut bacteria may be necessary. The review emphasizes the importance of using breath tests to diagnose archaea overgrowth, which could lead to more targeted treatments and a move away from relying solely on laxatives.