Unexplained Weight Loss Could Signal Serious Health Issues

It is a red flag.

Unexpected weight loss, especially without any change in diet or activity levels, can be a cause for concern. While minor fluctuations in weight are normal due to factors like hormones or water retention, losing a noticeable amount of weight without trying can signal an underlying health issue, according to dietitian Christine Goukasian.

Weight loss becomes particularly concerning if it exceeds 10 pounds or 5% of your body weight over a period of six to twelve months. This type of unexplained weight loss could be linked to a range of health conditions, including cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, and mental health issues. Older adults are especially at risk, with as many as 20% of individuals in general losing weight unexpectedly. The rate increases in community housing, where health problems are more prevalent.

Unintentional weight loss is commonly associated with cancer, which is the leading cause of such weight changes. Around 40% of cancer diagnoses are initially identified through unexplained weight loss, and this symptom can occur in early stages of cancers such as those affecting the colon, pancreas, and lungs. Therefore, anyone experiencing significant, unexplained weight loss should consult a healthcare provider.

Gastrointestinal issues, such as chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, or even excessive laxative use (often linked to eating disorders), account for between 10% and 20% of unexplained weight loss cases. Mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and stress, can also affect appetite and contribute to weight loss, with certain medications exacerbating these effects.

Other causes of unintended weight loss may include conditions like dementia, thyroid problems, diabetes, gum disease, or swallowing difficulties. In some cases, financial constraints or difficulty accessing food may also play a role. While not all unexplained weight loss points to a serious illness, it is important to consult a doctor to rule out potential causes. Identifying the root cause often requires thorough testing, but early intervention can lead to better outcomes.