This changes what we know.
A recent study uncovered a concerning link between elevated levels of HDL cholesterol, often regarded as ‘good cholesterol,’ and an increased risk of dementia among older adults. The research delved into the potential implications of very high HDL-C levels, indicating a metabolic disorder rather than dietary factors.
Examining 18,668 healthy older individuals, mostly over 70 years old, the study spanned an average 6.3 years. Those starting with excessively high HDL-C (>80 mg/dL or >2.07 mmol/L) showed a 27% higher risk of dementia compared to those maintaining optimal HDL-C levels (40 to 60 mg/dL or 1.03–1.55 mmol/L for men; 50 to 60 mg/dL or 1.55–2.07 mmol/L for women). Moreover, participants aged 75 and above exhibited a 42% elevated risk of dementia compared to those with ideal HDL cholesterol levels.
Among the participants with very high HDL-C at the study’s onset, 38 cases of dementia emerged in those below 75 years old, while 101 cases occurred in those aged 75 and above.
Dr. Corey Bradley, a cardiologist at Columbia University, highlighted the complexity of HDL’s role beyond the oversimplified ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cholesterol dichotomy. He noted the absence of direct evidence establishing a causal link between HDL-C and dementia, while acknowledging the growing body of studies suggesting an association. Bradley cautioned about the nuances of HDL’s functionality, particularly its behavior in the brain, potentially contributing to stroke risk and pro-inflammatory changes associated with certain dementia forms.
The study authors emphasized that the high HDL-C levels correlated with dementia risk weren’t diet-related but possibly indicative of an underlying metabolic disorder. Bradley highlighted the influence of genetics on HDL levels, underscoring the role of genetic mutations potentially contributing to higher HDL levels and dementia risks, an area requiring further exploration.
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