Wealth and education have a big impact.
People with higher income and education levels face a reduced risk of dementia as they age, according to new research. The study reveals that individuals from more advantaged backgrounds are less likely to experience mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and have a lower chance of progressing from MCI to dementia.
Published in the Scientific Reports journal on November 1, the study also found that people with greater financial stability and education have a better chance of recovering from cognitive impairment and returning to healthy brain function. Dorina Cadar, senior investigator and honorary research fellow at University College London (UCL), emphasized that wealth, education, and career type significantly influence not only the risk of cognitive decline but also the likelihood of recovering from it, which is promising news for brain health in later life.
The research team followed over 8,400 adults aged 50 and above for more than ten years, analyzing the impact of socioeconomic factors on cognitive decline. Findings indicate that those with a college degree have a 43% lower risk of experiencing MCI. Additionally, individuals in the wealthiest third of the population are 26% less likely to progress from MCI to dementia.
Moreover, the study highlighted that financially advantaged people are more likely to recover from MCI. Wealthier individuals had a 56% higher chance of regaining cognitive health, while college-educated participants were 81% more likely to do so. Cadar noted that this recovery potential is essential for maintaining quality of life in older age and underscores the importance of policies that promote cognitive health and well-being across different income levels.
However, the researchers are still investigating why wealth and education appear to protect brain health. Lead researcher Aswathikutty Gireesh suggested that mentally engaging jobs and education may offer greater mental stimulation, building a “brain reserve” that guards against cognitive decline. Additionally, people with higher education and wealth often have better access to healthcare, nutritious food, exercise, and preventive care, all of which contribute to cognitive health and resilience. These resources may be especially helpful in stabilizing or improving cognitive function when impairment is detected early.
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