These medications are under fire.
The use of amphetamine stimulants, commonly prescribed for ADHD, has significantly increased in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a new study has raised concerns about the potential mental health risks associated with these medications, especially at high doses. Published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, the research highlights that individuals taking high doses of amphetamines, such as Adderall, have a much higher likelihood of experiencing psychosis or mania.
The study found that individuals who had taken prescription amphetamines in the past month were 63% more likely to develop psychosis or mania. The risk was even higher for those on stronger doses, with an 81% increased chance of a psychotic episode. The highest risk was observed in patients consuming 30 milligrams or more of dextroamphetamine, equivalent to 40 milligrams of Adderall.
Dr. Lauren Moran, the lead researcher, emphasized that while stimulant medications like amphetamines lack an upper dose limit, it’s clear from the findings that dosage is a critical factor in the risk of psychosis. She stressed the importance of monitoring both dosage and mental health symptoms in patients taking these medications. Moran’s interest in this research stemmed from her experiences as a psychiatrist, where she often encountered patients with first-time psychotic episodes linked to high stimulant doses.
The study analyzed nearly 1,400 individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis or mania and compared them with more than 2,700 people hospitalized for other psychiatric conditions. It found a clear association between amphetamine use and a heightened risk of psychosis, especially at high doses. This connection may be related to the way amphetamines increase dopamine levels, a hormone that is also linked to psychosis.
Despite these findings, Dr. Moran reassured those taking amphetamines for ADHD not to be alarmed but encouraged them to speak with their doctors about the dosage they are prescribed. She also pointed out that alternative medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) do not carry the same risks of psychosis or mania, making them a potentially safer option for some patients. Moran urged healthcare providers to consider these alternatives, particularly for individuals at higher risk for mental health issues.
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