There have been almost 1000 cases.
Japan is currently facing a significant rise in cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a severe bacterial infection that has alarmed health authorities. Since March 2024, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan has been closely monitoring a sharp increase in STSS cases, with the country’s health ministry reporting 977 cases by June 2, surpassing the total count for the entire previous year.
STSS is caused by toxins released by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), which commonly leads to strep throat and skin infections. In severe instances, these bacteria can trigger bloodstream infections and necrotizing fasciitis, a serious condition often referred to as “flesh-eating” infections.
Symptoms of STSS typically begin with fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting, progressing rapidly to low blood pressure within 24 to 48 hours. This rapid deterioration can result in organ failure, increased heart rate, and breathing difficulties. STSS is particularly perilous, with mortality rates reaching as high as 30% even with medical intervention, as noted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The surge in STSS cases in Japan contrasts with the situation in the United States, where 395 cases have been reported so far in 2024, consistent with figures from the previous year. The CDC emphasizes the critical importance of promptly identifying and treating STSS due to its swift progression and life-threatening potential.
Dr. Céline Gounder, a medical expert, underscores preventive measures such as vaccination against varicella zoster virus and influenza, which can lower the risk of severe GAS infections. Timely administration of antibiotics is also crucial, particularly for individuals at higher risk due to factors such as compromised immune systems or recent infections.
On a global scale, several countries including the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, the Netherlands, and Sweden have observed increases in GAS infections since late 2022. This international trend underscores the necessity for robust infectious disease surveillance and proactive public health strategies to curb the spread and impact of such infections worldwide.
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