Bird Flu Mutates And Jumps To Cows In The U.S.

Scientists are in a frenzy.

At first glance, the National Animal Disease Center in Iowa might seem like a typical farm, with cows grazing in fields and a milking barn in the distance. However, this government research facility, staffed by 43 scientists, is anything but ordinary. The center is focused on critical research to combat animal diseases, including the bird flu outbreak currently spreading through U.S. livestock. One of their primary efforts involves testing a cow vaccine aimed at preventing the virus’s spread, thereby reducing the risk of it becoming a threat to human health.

Established in 1961, the center is located on a 523-acre site in Ames, Iowa. Over the years, it has developed vaccines for diseases that affect pigs and cattle, such as hog cholera and brucellosis. The center also played a key role during the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, proving that the virus was confined to pigs’ respiratory tracts and that pork was safe for consumption. The facility’s unique resources and expertise make it one of the few places in the U.S. capable of conducting such high-level research.

The center’s campus includes 93 buildings, among them a high-containment laboratory where scientists work with dangerous pathogens like the H5N1 bird flu. This building, designed with strict safety measures, allows researchers to study the virus in infected animals safely. The appearance of the bird flu in U.S. dairy cows has brought additional urgency to the center’s work. Researchers, including flu expert Amy Baker, are testing a vaccine for cows and studying how the virus spreads among them.

Recent research at the center has shown that the bird flu virus, typically a respiratory illness, has infected the udders and milk of dairy cows, raising concerns about its transmission through shared milking equipment. Preliminary studies indicate that the virus can spread through milk containing high levels of the virus, although the cows themselves showed varying symptoms. Ongoing research aims to better understand how the virus circulates among cows and other animals, including the potential for it to jump to humans.

Scientists at the center are also investigating the genetic makeup of the bird flu virus that has crossed into cows, exploring whether new gene combinations may have facilitated this spillover. These findings are crucial for developing strategies to prevent further spread and protect both animal and human health. The research at the National Animal Disease Center is expected to continue for years, as scientists seek answers to critical questions about the virus’s behavior and transmission dynamics.